{"id":16282,"date":"2025-01-09T08:30:54","date_gmt":"2025-01-09T05:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.sh.com.tr\/?p=16282"},"modified":"2025-01-09T09:42:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T06:42:58","slug":"bir-agda-vlan-sanal-yerel-ag-yapilandirmasi-nasil-yapilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sh.com.tr\/blog\/bir-agda-vlan-sanal-yerel-ag-yapilandirmasi-nasil-yapilir\/","title":{"rendered":"Bir A\u011fda VLAN (Sanal Yerel A\u011f) Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz a\u011f teknolojilerinde <strong>VLAN<\/strong> yani <strong>Sanal Yerel A\u011f<\/strong> kullan\u0131m\u0131, \u00f6zellikle a\u011f y\u00f6netimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131rmak ve a\u011f trafi\u011fini daha verimli y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli. \u00c7o\u011fu ki\u015fi VLAN\u2019lar\u0131 ilk ba\u015fta biraz karma\u015f\u0131k bulabilir; ama temel mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ger\u00e7ekten a\u011f kurulumlar\u0131nda size b\u00fcy\u00fck avantaj sa\u011flayan bir yap\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6receksiniz. Bu yaz\u0131da <strong>VLAN yap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>, neden kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine kapsaml\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f sunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131m.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>VLAN Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">VLAN, &#8220;Virtual Local Area Network&#8221; yani <strong>Sanal Yerel A\u011f<\/strong> anlam\u0131na gelir. Fiziksel olarak ayn\u0131 a\u011f \u00fczerinde olsalar bile, farkl\u0131 gruplardaki cihazlar\u0131 birbiriyle izole edebilmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yani, ayn\u0131 <strong>switch<\/strong> \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan iki cihaz, farkl\u0131 VLAN\u2019lara atanarak birbirleriyle ileti\u015fim kuramaz hale getirilebilir. Bu sayede g\u00fcvenlik art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur ve trafi\u011fi b\u00f6lmek daha kolay hale gelir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00d6rnek olarak<\/strong>: Bir ofiste muhasebe departman\u0131yla IT departman\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Bu iki departman\u0131n ayn\u0131 fiziksel a\u011fda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 farz edelim. Ancak, g\u00fcvenlik ve gizlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu iki departman aras\u0131ndaki a\u011f trafi\u011finin birbirinden izole edilmesi gerekir. \u0130\u015fte tam da burada VLAN devreye giriyor; her iki departman i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir VLAN yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131larak, aralar\u0131ndaki trafik s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labiliyor.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>VLAN Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>a) A\u011f Topolojisini Planlay\u0131n<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130lk ad\u0131mda, a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n topolojisini net bir \u015fekilde belirlemelisiniz. <strong>Hangi cihazlar\u0131n hangi VLAN\u2019da yer alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek<\/strong>, yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131n temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir. Genellikle, hangi departmanlar\u0131n veya i\u015flevlerin birbirinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine karar verilir ve bu do\u011frultuda VLAN&#8217;lar atan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>b) VLAN Numaralar\u0131n\u0131 Belirleyin<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Her VLAN\u2019a bir kimlik numaras\u0131 verilmesi gerekiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <strong>VLAN 10<\/strong>, <strong>VLAN 20<\/strong> gibi numaralar kullan\u0131larak, departmanlar aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yap\u0131labilir. \u00c7o\u011fu a\u011f cihaz\u0131, 1\u2019den 4094\u2019e kadar numara destekler; ancak genellikle 1\u2019den ba\u015flayan bir numaraland\u0131rma daha d\u00fczenli bir yap\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>c) Switch \u00dczerinde VLAN Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 Yap\u0131n<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">VLAN\u2019lar\u0131n fiziksel olarak ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 switch \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu <strong>y\u00f6netilebilir switch<\/strong>, VLAN yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131na imkan tan\u0131r. Switch \u00fczerinde yap\u0131land\u0131rma yaparken, cihaz\u0131n <strong>komut sat\u0131r\u0131<\/strong> (CLI) veya <strong>web aray\u00fcz\u00fc<\/strong> \u00fczerinden VLAN olu\u015fturma ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 izlemeniz gerekecektir. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 takip ederek VLAN ekleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>VLAN olu\u015fturma<\/strong> komutu ile yeni bir VLAN yarat\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Port atamas\u0131<\/strong> yaparak, hangi portlar\u0131n bu VLAN\u2019a dahil olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bir Cisco switch \u00fczerinde \u00f6rne\u011fin \u015fu komutlar\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-md border-[0.5px] border-token-border-medium relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary dark:bg-gray-950\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"sticky top-9 md:top-[5.75rem]\">\n<div class=\"absolute bottom-0 right-2 flex h-9 items-center\">\n<div class=\"flex items-center rounded bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary px-2 font-sans text-xs text-token-text-secondary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary\"><span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><button class=\"flex gap-1 items-center select-none py-1\">Kodu kopyala<\/button><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\">Switch(config)# vlan 10<br \/>\nSwitch(config-vlan)# name Muhasebe<br \/>\nSwitch(config-vlan)# exit<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>d) Port Modlar\u0131n\u0131 Ayarlay\u0131n: Access ve Trunk<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">VLAN yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131nda iki t\u00fcr port modu vard\u0131r: <strong>Access<\/strong> ve <strong>Trunk<\/strong> modlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Access portlar\u0131<\/strong>, bir cihaz\u0131 do\u011frudan bir VLAN\u2019a ba\u011flar. Bu port \u00fczerinden sadece belirli bir VLAN trafi\u011fi ge\u00e7ebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trunk portlar\u0131<\/strong>, birden fazla VLAN trafi\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yan ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle switchler aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 kurarken kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n<div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-md border-[0.5px] border-token-border-medium relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary dark:bg-gray-950\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"sticky top-9 md:top-[5.75rem]\">\n<div class=\"absolute bottom-0 right-2 flex h-9 items-center\">\n<div class=\"flex items-center rounded bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary px-2 font-sans text-xs text-token-text-secondary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary\"><span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><button class=\"flex gap-1 items-center select-none py-1\">Kodu kopyala<\/button><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\">Switch(config)# interface FastEthernet 0\/1<br \/>\nSwitch(config-if)# switchport mode access<br \/>\nSwitch(config-if)# switchport access vlan 10<br \/>\nSwitch(config-if)# exit<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>e) VLAN Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Test Edin<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">VLAN yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmelisiniz. Bunun i\u00e7in ping komutunu kullanarak VLAN\u2019lar aras\u0131 ileti\u015fimin engellenip engellenmedi\u011fini kontrol edebilirsiniz. E\u011fer her \u015fey do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, farkl\u0131 VLAN\u2019lara atanm\u0131\u015f cihazlar birbiriyle ileti\u015fim kuramamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>VLAN Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 Yaparken Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>G\u00fcvenlik<\/strong>: VLAN\u2019lar\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda en s\u0131k yap\u0131lan hata, VLAN ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 nedeniyle verilerin yanl\u0131\u015f VLAN\u2019dan ge\u00e7mesidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Port G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/strong>: VLAN yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kurduktan sonra <strong>port g\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/strong> uygulamak, a\u011fa izinsiz cihazlar\u0131n ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00fczenli Yedekleme<\/strong>: Switch yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131, yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin ard\u0131ndan mutlaka yedeklenmelidir. B\u00f6ylece, olas\u0131 bir ar\u0131za durumunda yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 geri y\u00fckleyebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>VLAN\u2019lar\u0131n A\u011f Performans\u0131na Etkisi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">VLAN kullan\u0131m\u0131 a\u011f performans\u0131na da do\u011frudan etki eder. <strong>A\u011f trafi\u011fi<\/strong> daha verimli y\u00f6netildi\u011finden, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011flarda cihazlar\u0131n birbiriyle olan ileti\u015fimi daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 hale gelir. <strong>Ayr\u0131ca<\/strong> a\u011f\u0131n belirli k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda meydana gelen ar\u0131zalar\u0131n t\u00fcm a\u011fa yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olur. VLAN\u2019lar sayesinde, trafi\u011fin yava\u015flamas\u0131 veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmesi gibi sorunlar belirli VLAN\u2019lar dahilinde kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>VLAN Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 Destekleyen A\u011f Cihazlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">VLAN yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n etkin bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in <strong>y\u00f6netilebilir switchler<\/strong> gibi cihazlara ihtiya\u00e7 duyulur. <strong>Cisco, HP, Netgear<\/strong> gibi markalar\u0131n bir\u00e7ok switch modeli VLAN deste\u011fi sunar. Bu t\u00fcr cihazlar, geli\u015fmi\u015f y\u00f6netim se\u00e7enekleri ve g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleriyle VLAN yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>VLAN \u0130le \u0130lgili S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>VLAN\u2019lar Birbirleriyle \u0130leti\u015fim Kurabilir mi?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Varsay\u0131lan olarak, VLAN\u2019lar birbirleriyle ileti\u015fim kuramaz. Ancak, bir <strong>katman 3 cihaz\u0131<\/strong> (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bir y\u00f6nlendirici veya katman 3 switch) kullanarak VLAN\u2019lar aras\u0131nda ileti\u015fimi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131labilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>VLAN Konfig\u00fcrasyonu \u0130\u00e7in Hangi Bilgiler Gerekir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">VLAN\u2019lar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce a\u011f topolojiniz, hangi departmanlar\u0131n hangi VLAN\u2019da yer alaca\u011f\u0131 ve hangi switchlerin kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir. Ayr\u0131ca, <strong>IP adresleme<\/strong> plan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 da g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>VLAN Yap\u0131land\u0131rmak Karma\u015f\u0131k m\u0131?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">VLAN yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131, kullan\u0131lan cihaz\u0131n aray\u00fcz\u00fcne ve sizin bilgi seviyenize ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak karma\u015f\u0131k gelebilir. Ancak, temel ad\u0131mlar\u0131 takip etti\u011finizde bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 genellikle tahmin edildi\u011fi kadar zor de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz a\u011f teknolojilerinde VLAN yani Sanal Yerel A\u011f kullan\u0131m\u0131, \u00f6zellikle a\u011f y\u00f6netimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131rmak ve a\u011f trafi\u011fini daha verimli y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli. \u00c7o\u011fu ki\u015fi VLAN\u2019lar\u0131 ilk ba\u015fta biraz karma\u015f\u0131k bulabilir; ama temel mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ger\u00e7ekten a\u011f kurulumlar\u0131nda size b\u00fcy\u00fck avantaj sa\u011flayan bir yap\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6receksiniz. Bu yaz\u0131da VLAN yap\u0131s\u0131, neden kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve nas\u0131l [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":15860,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[238],"tags":[1516,1515,1514],"class_list":["post-16282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-network","tag-ag-performansini-artirmak-icin-vlan-kullanimi","tag-port-ayarlari","tag-vlan-yapilandirmasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sh.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sh.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sh.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sh.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sh.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16282"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sh.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16282\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sh.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sh.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sh.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16282"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sh.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}